感觉英文怎么写怎么读(热门5篇)

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感觉英文怎么写怎么读 第1篇

这部分的写作其实要求不难,很多时候可以边进行科研边完成。 要点就是用清晰明确简单的语言把运用的方法,材料和实验步骤都介绍清楚。

A. 一般规范

要有小标题

一般为被动语态

新的试验方法需要交代清楚,以便可被复制

已有方法需交代援引处

阐明统计方法

B. 样本,数据收集和测量方法

这三点是在研究方法章节里必不可少的环节。

✔ 样本里要讲清楚参与者、分析单元、取样方法、样本取舍原因,取样的不足之处等;

✔ 数据收集过程里要讲明白收集的方法,为什么要这么做,收集过程和步骤等;

✔ 测量方法里涉及到具体的量表内容,包括基础的量表设计(例如Likert), 对照量表或问卷,具体的计算方法等等。

C. 关于研究方法的时态

我们在这个章节要格外注意时态的问题,因为动词的时态变化是让读者和评审明确了解我们研究的重要环节。

c1. 如果是已知的既定事实,一般用现在时态。

✔ Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications.

c2. 如果阐述自己的研究方法,一般用过去时态。

✔ Participants for this pilot study were recruited through calls for participation posted on various social media platforms.

c3. 在描述材料环节,如果研究者没有改动实验所需材料,则用一般现在时即可;如果有替换,修改,增减等,则用过去时。

✔ Silicon is the core component of most, semiconductor devices, and demonstrates electrochemical properties in aqueous solutions.

✔ The silicon used in this study was an n-type silicon obtainedfrom 100-mm diameter ingots grown using the Czochralski method.

c4. 描述数据的环节,如果是已知的既定事实,就有现在时态,如果是从自己的研究或者文献中获取的,则用过去时态。

✔ The population density of Shanghai is approximately 2,657 people per square kilometer.

✔ One-third of Internet users in Europe were infected by malware in 2010.

D. 具体例句表达

d1. 阐述多重研究方法

✔ Several methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and disadvantages.

✔ Previous studies have based their selection criteria on…

d2. 阐明具体方法的原因

✔ The semi-structured approach was chosen because……

✔ Quantitative measures supplement and extend qualitative analysis.

d3. 特定方法的阐述

✔ X was synthesized using the same method that was detailed for Y, using……

✔ The study used X to explore the subsurface of……

d4. 如何描述样本特性

✔ The random sample of patients with…was recruited from…

✔ All students described as using some sort of X procedure were include in the analysis.

✔ Just over half the sample (55%) were female, of which 78% were…

d5. 如何用不定式句式描述实验过程

✔ To rule out the possibility that X, the participants were……

✔ The vials were capped with… to prevent……

✔ To compare the score three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F- test was used.

d6. 如何用顺序词连接实验步骤

✔ Prior to commencing the study, ethical clearance was sought from…

✔ On obtaining written informed consent from the patients, a questionnaire was……

✔ Following this treatment, the sample were recovered and stored overnight.

d7. 研究过程里常见的动词

✔ The mean score for the two trials was subjected to multivariate analysis of variance to determine…

✔ The pilot interviews were conducted informally the trained interviewer…

✔ Data managements were performed over the course of the growing period from…

d8.方式副词的用法

✔ The tubes were accurately reweighed to six decimal places using…

✔ A sample of the concentrate was then carefully injected into…

✔ The medium was then aseptically transferred to a conical flask.

研究方法这一部分建议大家在做literature review的时候就把参考文献的methods给摘抄出来,然后根据自己情况改写。最好在做研究的过程中就一边总结结果一边写,防止遗漏要点。

感觉英文怎么写怎么读 第2篇

拿到一篇文章,绝大多数读者都会浏览一遍引言(introduction)部分的,如果引言写得好,才能吸引人有继续往下读的热情。

一个好的引言需要包括如下5个要点:

✔ 陈述该文章/论文涉及的广泛研究领域;

✔ 该文的学术重要性;

✔ 尽可能地收集和总结和该领域相关的文献,包括最相关的和5年之内的比较相关的;

✔ 需要涵盖对知识空白/不足的讨论,以及该文的主要贡献或亮点;

✔ 明确简洁的研究问题,研究目的和研究方法。

PS:如果是大论文,引言里还需要加上论文的大纲结构(outline structure),一般用两三句话放在引言的最后几句就可以了。

一般可以通过“大致描述+关键词解释”来用几句话说明白,按照下面的例句把A+B组合起来就好。

A. 如何描述这个研究问题

建立一般化问题的重要性

✔ Evidence suggests that X is among the most important factors for …

✔ There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of …

✔ In the history of Y, X has been thought of as a key factor in …

B. 如何总结归纳定义关键词和概念

b1. 一般化的句子

✔ a considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies…

✔ what we know about X is largely based on empirical studies that investigate know…

感觉英文怎么写怎么读 第3篇

如果我们前面都按照步骤严格执行到这里,那么研究结果是相对容易写出来的,主要内容是我们对收集的数据用某种研究方法处理后得到了哪些结果。

这里面需要注意的是复杂数据的结果写起来会有些难度,我们要以自己的主要发现为阐述主体,再组织梳理研究结果,不重要的结果要果断舍弃。

结果要清楚和具体,并提供足够的细节支持;

方便读者理解,我们需要简要介绍在非技术性术语里使用的多元统计方法,例如什么是多重回归分析法和因子分析法;

要对实验里列出的数据和图表进行总结和讨论;

在展示结果中,需要把涉及到的某张图片或者表格向读者交代清楚,比如第一栏里的数据1代表……

A. 描述发现时,用一般过去时

✔ Participants in each reward trial selected the high-probability stimulus significantly more often than the low-probability stimulus (P<).

B. 和其他研究进行结果比较时用一般现在时

✔ Conversely, our results demonstrate improved performance over previously proposed methods.

C. 比较不同类型的结果时,用一般过去时

✔ Cost showed a tendency to decrease over the 18-month period.

D. 表格和数据用一般现在时表达

✔ Table III showed the results of the independent t-test.

E. 用试探性或情态动词表达对结果的评价

✔ Managerial accountants might be generally averse to outsourcing.

F. 用一般现在时表达对结果的应用和展望等,配以试探性或情态动词

✔ Urea nitrogen concentrations of less than 7 mg/dL indicate a deficiency in dietary protein.

A. 回溯研究目的或研究过程

✔ The purpose of experiment 5 was to…

✔ To distinguish between these two possibilities…

B. 高亮表格里的数据

✔ What is striking about the figures in this table is…

✔ From this table, it can be seen that by far the greatest demand is for…

C. 展示积极或消极的结果

✔ Strong evidence of X was found when…

✔ A positive correlation was found between X and Y.

✔ No difference greater than X was observed.

✔ Only trace amounts of X were detected in…

D. 如何展示调查和采访类结果

✔ The majority of those who responded to this item felt that…

✔ A recurrent theme in the interviews was a sense amongst interviewees that…

✔ The overall response to the survey was poor.

E. 如何总结发现

✔ In summary, these results show that…

✔ Together these results provide important insights into…

✔ These results suggest that…

这里要再次强调下,数据的展示要是经过分析的,有规律可循的数据。

尽量多用图标,曲线图,表格,图片等来展示数据。

只描述最高,最低,转折的数据。注意强调趋势,比如上升,下降,平稳等等。

感觉英文怎么写怎么读 第4篇

学术文章里除了整体的逻辑结构外,拆分到更具体的单元就是段落了。如何组织整体的段落不仅体现一位学者的行文造句能力,同时也体现TA的逻辑衔接能力。

一个典型的段落主要有三个部分组成:主题句(topic sentence), 支撑句(supporting sentences )和结论句 (concluding sentences)。

就是这个段落里最重要的,点明主旨的句子。

在结论句里我们经常看到非常具有标志性词语的开头,比如in sum, to conclude等等。结论句是对整段话做总结的,可以点明主题,也可以呼应支撑句。

除了这三种类型的句子意外,还有一类句子非常重要,叫做 “跳板句”。

这也是翰思老师发现的学生常有问题。写论文时经常指出来的“为啥你这段结束之后突然就转到这里了?中间为什么没有衔接?”

跳板句就是从上一段过渡到下一段,为接下来的内容做铺垫,也方便读者跟上思路。在《写作提高一点点》这本书里,一共总结了四种和学术写作相关的过渡:

观点过渡:两段之间的学术观点有不同时,就可以在段落结尾写“但是这个假设/观点并没有获得所有证据的支持,也有研究者认为…….”。

问题过渡:上一段阐述了一个观点,但这个研究还有knowledge gap或者problem, 那我们就可以在结尾的时候抛出这个知识空白或者研究问题,以便下一段详细展开。

◆ 事实过渡:这个过渡非常适合在上一段提出一个一般的研究领域后,在接下来的一段就其中比较有意思或者有亮点的地方再单独拿出来详细展开,尤其是和该论文研究重点高度相关的点。援引原书中的表述是“用有趣或者不寻常的事实进行过渡”。

◆ 实验间过渡:这个过渡想必理工科的同学们都不陌生,我们的文章里可以可能包括多个实验,所以我们需要在进行实验之前的方法里,就要告诉读者,为了回答该研究问题,我们要做几组实验,每个实验分别要做什么等等。

好,以上就是关于组成段落的四种句型,分别是“主题句”,“支撑句”,“结论句”和“跳板句”。

Notice

重要的图再贴一次,我们接下来开始展示论文的“骨架”, 每个部分的“写作要点”,“时态的运用” (亮点1),以及“学术英语句式和论文结构的结合”(亮点2)。

感觉英文怎么写怎么读 第5篇

在论文写作中,有些朋友会将结论写成结果,而且学科不同对结果部分的撰写也会有一些区别,但不论哪种,结果(results)和结论(conclusion)是不同的。

学术写作的结论部分需要对结果的讨论分析有一个进一步的认识,结论里一定要:

✔ 阐述该研究结果说明了什么问题,原理,机制或者规律(理论价值);

✔ 如何在实际中运用(实践价值);

✔ 适当的建议及展望;

✔ 和之前的研究成果作对比,可以有哪些补充完善发展等;

✔ 有些领域还喜欢指出今后的研究设想或者该领域值得进一步深入研究的其他问题等等,以上是结论部分可以包含的部分,但不是全部内容都需要具备。

根据我们不同学科的特点,结论部分的内容也可以有不同的侧重点:

✔ 有些注重综合性的分析和概括;

✔ 有些要在回答本文问题的基础上进一步发展与该研究结果相关的其他关键问题;

✔ 有些是要着笔于和前人研究对比后的补充完善和发展;

✔ 有些是对未来研究趋势的展望,在分析完该论文结果的基础上,对设计的理论,价值,观点,实验方法等提出具有指导未来的建议。

A. 我们可以做的:描述理论对研究结果的支持,可行性的实践应用,将研究结果扩展到其他相关领域以及展望将来的研究趋势等。

B. 具体例句展示

b1. 描述研究趋势

✔ This table shows that there has been a slight (gradual steady, marked steep, sharp) increase (rise, decrease, fall decline, drop) in the number of divorces in China and South Korean since 1985.

b2. 可行性的实践应用

✔ These findings suggest several courses of action for...

✔ Another noteworthy practical implication is that…

✔ Unless governments adopt X, Y will not be attained.

b3. 研究发现的重要性

✔ These findings enhance our understanding of …

✔ Overall, these findings suggest that X plays a role in promoting Y.

✔ The current findings add substantially to our understanding of…

A. 总结主要研究发现

a1. These experiments confirmed that……

a2. The most obvious findings to emerge from this study is that……

a3. X has made no significant difference to……

B. 阐述该研究发现的重要性和贡献度

b1. This approach will prove useful in expanding our understanding of how……

b2. The present study has confirmed the findings of Smith et al. (2001) which found that……

C. 重述研究目的及其重要性

c1. The main goal of the current study was to demine……

c2. This project was undertaken to design… and evaluate…

c3. This essay has discussed the reasons for…

D. 阐述该研究的局限性

d1. The scope of this study was limited in terms of……

d2. An issue that was not addressed in this study was whether…….

d3. One source of weakness in this study which could have affected the measurements of X was……

E. 基于局限性上的发现和贡献

e1. In spite of this limitations, the study certainly adds to our understanding of the……

e2. Notwithstanding the relatively limited sample, this work offers valuable insights into……

e3. Whilst this study did not confirm X, it did partially substantiate……

F. 对今后研究工作的展望

f1. This research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation.

f2. Further experiments, using a broader range of X, could shed more light on……

f3. A greater focus on X could produce interesting findings that account more for……

G. 实践层面的建议/意见

g1. Greater efforts are needed to ensure……

g2. The findings of this study have a number of practical implications.

g3. Taken together, these findings do not support strong recommendations to……

就结论部分而言,一般现在时和➕情态动词的句式会比较多一些。

因为结论和结果部分的时态具有很多重合性,这里就不具体展开了,大家可以参考第四部分结果的讨论与分析的时态分析。

讨论/Conclusion结论三者之间的关系和区别。

今天看到一学生的文章,这三部分翻来覆去就那几句话,一篇文章中最重要的部分竟然在相互copy。下面分别说下这三者:

Results结果:

✔ 首先,这里展示的数据不是原始数据,而是分析后的数据。

✔ 其次,用图表和表格来表达数据,你不需要一个个将所有数据列举出来。

✔ 再次,你在文字解释部分强调的是重要数据,走势,以及重大发现。

Discussion讨论:

讨论部分应该说明Results中数据的关系,主要强调分析和理解。并且能够回答你前面提出的“研究目的/问题”。

✔ 你可以在讨论部分尝试回答这些问题:

✔ results中的数据表明了什么规律?

✔ 是什么样的原因导致了数据的这个走势?

✔ 这个趋势说明了什么问题?

✔ 预示着未来有什么变化?

✔ 你是不是排除了一些不好的数据?为什么?

✔ 你这种研究方法的缺点是什么?改进空间?

Conclusion总结:

你可以在Results中分好几段,得到好几组数据。但总结是针对整篇论文的,而不是某一组数据。所以这里需要把Results中几组结论“整合”在一起。

✔ 例如:针对怎样的问题,进行了怎样的研究。最后得出了一个怎样的结论或者解决了一个怎样的问题进行“重点概括的描述”。

需要突出的是你解决的问题。

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